Analysis
within
Electromagnetism
Synthesis, early 2010
Ivor Catt
We will analyse why accredited Electromagnetic Theory luminaries (including referees for learned journals) fail to grasp the apparently simple, clear TEM step travelling at the speed of light, guided by two conductors. This is shown by me here; http://www.ivorcatt.co.uk/1_2.htm and in two animations here; http://www.ivorcatt.co.uk/cattq.htm .
A number of factors hopelessly obscure the subject in the minds of accredited experts; (1) wave-particle dualism; (2) the idea that a TEM Wave can only be sinusoidal. The very few animations of the TEM Wave to be found on the www are all sinusoidal, and are not guided by conductors; (3) the associated idea, coming from Faraday and Oersted, that electricity causes magnetism and magnetism causes electricity http://www.electromagnetism.demon.co.uk/images/7877.jpg , leading to the erroneous, “Rolling Wave” model for the TEM Wave, discussed by me at http://www.ivorcatt.com/2604.htm and taught by Einstein and Feynman, see below;
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"Einstein teaches 'The Rolling Wave'. - Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld, 'The Evolution of Physics', pub. CUP 1938, p154; ' .... What kind of changes are now spreading in the case of an electromagnetic wave? Just the changes of an electromagnetic field! Every change of an electric field produces a magnetic field; every change of this magnetic field produces an electric field; every change of ...., and so on. As field represents energy, all these changes spreading out in space, with a definite velocity, produce a wave. The electric and magnetic lines of force always lie, as deduced from the theory, on planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The wave produced is, therefore, transverse.'"
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R Feynman:
“Now let us ask what happens if we suddenly stop the motion of the charged
sheet after it has been on for a short time, *T*…
“In short, we have a little piece of field- a block of thickness *cT*- which has left the current sheet and is traveling through space all by itself… The caterpillar has
turned into a butterfly!
“How can this bundle of electric and magnetic fields maintain itself? The
answer is: by the combined effects of the Faraday law, [curlE
= -dB/dt], and the new term of Maxwell, [c^2curlB = dE/dt]. They cannot help maintaining themselves. Suppose
the magnetic field were to disappear. There would be a changing magnetic field
which would produce an electric field. If this electric field tries to go away,
the changing electric field would create a magnetic field back again. So, by a
perpetual interplay- BY THE SWISHING BACK AND FORTH FROM ONE FIELD TO THE
OTHER- they must go on forever. It is impossible for them to disappear*.
[*footnote- ‘well not quite’, they can be absorbed] They maintain themselves in
a kind of a dance- one making the other, the second making the first-
propagating onward through space.” [Note 1]--p 18-8, Vol
II (emphasis added)
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Kip teaches "The Rolling Wave".
Arthur F. Kip, “Fundamentals of Electricity and
Magnetism”, pub. McGraw-Hill, 1962, page 320; “Our demonstration
involves the use of the first two Maxwell equations to show that such a
postulated time and space variation of E gives rise to a similar time and space
variation of H (but at right angles to E) and that this variation acts back to
cause the postulated variation in E. Thus, once such a wave is initiated, it is
self-propagating.
The figure on the next page is used to show the application of Faraday’s Law of
Induction to the plane wave, postulated to be moving along the x direction. A
convenient closed path is drawn in the xy plane,
around which we shall take the line integral of E. This is equated through
Faraday’s Law to the rate of change of flux H through the plane bounded by the
path of the line integral. Only the vertical parts of the line integral
contribute since E is in the y direction …. “. For diagrams, go here
and here..
I quote; " .... time and space variation of H .... this variation acts back to cause the postulated variation in E. .... " Note that as with everyone else in every single text book during the 20th century, Kip does not comment on the relative phase of E and H. However, "acts back" seems to imply that he has noticed the problem, that E and H are in phase, so that it is difficult to see each causing the other. Of course, further problems arise if the TEM Wave is not sinusoidal. For instance, half way through a long TEM pulse, there is no variation of E or of H, and yet the central part of the pulse continues to travel at the speed of light. So how is "it is self-propagating"? Since Kip ignores (probably because he has never heard of) the TEM pulse, it is not surprising that he ignores the less fundamental problem caused to his theory by the fact that E and H are in phase in a sine wave. The fact is that he takes the traditional story of Faraday's Law of Induction and force-fits it onto a TEM Wave withouth too much thought. What he does is similar to what I did in my December 1967 IEEE paper and here many years before and after I discovered the truth.- I Catt, 22 July 2009.
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In order to grasp the TEM step, one has to have in mind “The Heaviside Signal”, http://www.ivorcatt.com/2604.htm . Also, the idea that electromagnetism can be particulate in nature (the photon) as well as wave, hopelessly confuses the accredited expert, along with everyone else.
